The standard list of design specifications is divided into 50 divisions or broad categories of types of work and work results involved in construction. The departments are divided into sections, each of them concerning a specific type of material (concrete) or a work product (steel door) of the construction work. A particular material may be covered in several places depending on the result of the work: stainless steel (for example) can be covered as sheet metal material for flashing and sheet metal in Division 07; it may be part of a finished product, for example .B a handrail in Division 05; Or it can be a component of the building material that is managed in department 08. The original list of specification departments was based on the chronological sequence of construction work from the outside to the inside, and this logic is still somewhat followed as new materials and systems find their way into the construction process. For example, if two applications share Unicode data but use different normal forms or use it incorrectly, incompatiblely, or without sharing a minimal set of interoperability specifications, errors and data loss can occur. For example, Mac OS X has many components that prefer or require only disassembled characters (therefore, disassembled Unicode encoded with UTF-8 is also called “UTF8-MAC”). In one particular case, the combination of OS X errors in the handling of compound characters and the Samba file and printer sharing software (which replaces disassembled letters with compound letters when copying file names) has led to confusing and destructive data interoperability issues. [27] [28] Specifications can be either “performance-based”, the identifier limiting the text to indicating the performance to be achieved by the completed plant, “prescriptive” if the designer specifies specific criteria such as the manufacturing standards applicable to the item, or “exclusive”, where the designer specifies specific products, suppliers and even contractors that are acceptable for each workspace. In addition, specifications with a specific list of products can become “closed” or “open”, which allows substitutions by the contractor. Most design specifications are a combination of performance-based and proprietary types that appoint acceptable manufacturers and products, while specifying certain standards and design criteria that must be met.
A design or product specification describes the characteristics of the solutions for the specification of requirements and refers either to a designed solution or to a final solution produced. It is often used to guide manufacturing/production. Sometimes the term specification is used here in connection with a data sheet (or spec sheet), which can be confusing. A data sheet describes the technical characteristics of an item or product that is often published by a manufacturer to help people choose or use the products. A data sheet is not a technical specification in the sense of information on how to produce. If a pharmaceutical product is not covered by the above standards, it can be evaluated by the additional source of the pharmacopoeia of other countries, from industrial specifications or a standardized formula, since in many contexts, especially software, specifications are needed to avoid errors due to lack of compatibility, e.B. in case of interoperability problems. The prescribed specifications convey the requirements of a project through a detailed explanation of the materials that the contractor must use and the means of installation of these materials. This type of specification is usually formatted in the same way as the following sections: Summarize, Know the provisions on what makes up the contractual documents and formulate them correctly.
A requirement specification is a documented requirement or set of documented requirements that must be met by a particular material, design, product, service, etc. [2] This is a common first part of product design and development processes in many areas. Where external consultants are used to facilitate the development of a specification, they must explain any actual or potential conflict of interest and are fully aware of the VGPB`s procurement policies and the basic principles underlying these guidelines. A program specification is the definition of what is expected of a computer program. It can be informal, in this case it can be considered a user manual from the point of view of a developer, or formal, in this case it has a specific meaning defined in mathematical or programmatic terms. In practice, many successful specifications are written to understand and refine applications that were already well developed, although security-critical software systems are often carefully specified before applications are developed. Specifications are most important for external interfaces that need to remain stable. Building regulations are part of the construction contract. They describe the work, materials and installation required to carry out a project.
The specifications are a field guide from the subcontractor on the materials to be used, how to install them and what level of quality is desired. The devil is in the details. A comprehensive set of specifications can help any project participant reduce costs, wasted time, and litigation. The more information provided, the more likely it is that the work will be done correctly. As a result, proper work means fewer defects, which means fewer change orders, which means fewer disputes over additional compensation. Using MasterFormat allows professional and construction staff to use a common system to reference and group materials and equipment when specifications are used, applications are paid, programs are evaluated, etc. For a list of sections, see our MasterFormat Specification Divisions article. A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements that must be met by a material, design, product or service. [1] A specification is often a kind of technical standard.
Although joint inspections and joint audit agreements are common in the construction sector, these agreements can indeed be concluded. There are different types of technical or technical specifications (specifications), and the term is used differently in different technical contexts. They often refer to specific documents and/or certain information they contain. The word specification is usually defined as “specify explicitly or in detail” or “be specific”. Architects and engineers usually try to avoid using proprietary specifications unless absolutely necessary, and usually allow the contractor to choose from a list of approved suppliers. The requirement to use a particular type of product may give the impression of preferential treatment to a particular manufacturer and eliminate competition during the tendering phase, which may increase project costs. By applying this guide, the specifications become more consistent in terms of both content and format, saving a lot of time in preparing a market approach. The numbering of each requirement is recommended to facilitate referencing during the market engagement process and for contract management. A formal specification is a mathematical description of software or hardware that can be used to develop an implementation.
It describes what the system should do, not (necessarily) how the system should do it. In view of such a specification, it is possible to use formal verification techniques to demonstrate that an appropriate system design is correct in relation to that specification. This has the advantage that defective candidate system designs can be reviewed before a major investment has been made in the actual implementation of the design. Another approach is to use patently correct refinement steps to turn a specification into a design and, ultimately, an actual implementation that is correct throughout construction. According to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) document A201-2007, the contractual documents for a construction project include “the agreement, the terms of the contract, the drawing, the specifications, the supplements … “, as well as other miscellaneous documents associated with the contract between the contracting authority and the contractor responsible for completing the work. The construction specifications, as mentioned earlier, are part of the legal documents of the agreement and are the cornerstone of the project design. .